Second Pan-African Congress met in London, Brussels and Paris, August 28 to September 6. Of the 113 delegates, 39 were form Africa and 36 were from America.

Martin Luther King Jr gives his I Have A Dream speech at the Lincoln Memorial, 1963

Race riot, Philadelphia. (8/28-30).

Whitney M. Young, Jr., Executive Director of the National Urban League;

Roy Wilkins, Executive Secretary of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).

A. Philip Randolph, Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, American Federation of Labor (AFL), and a former vice president of the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO).

Walter P. Reuther, President, United Auto Workers Union.

Arnold Aronson, Secretary of the Leadership Conference on Civil Rights.

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On August 28, 1963, a quarter of a million people, mostly African Americans, gathered at the National Mall for The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. They came to express their discontent with the persistent racism of the nation, particularly that of the southern states where Jim Crow laws maintained racially separate and unequal societies. This gathering is considered a major event within the Civil Rights movement, and a catalyst for the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, for subsequent protests that followed, and for the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

This day is most well remembered, though, for a spontaneous description of a better future given by The Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., during his famous I Have a Dream speech.

Prompted by Mahalia Jackson, who urged him to break from his prepared words to tell the crowd about his dream, King said:

I say to you today, my friends, so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream.

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal. I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.

I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today. I have a dream that one day, down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of interposition and nullification; one day right there in Alabama, little black boys and black girls will be able to join

Ilya Gokadze 6,473,308 views

Martin Luther King - I Have A Dream Speech - August 28, 1963 - Duration: 17:29.

Author, commentator, speaker, political advisor, and columnist Keith Boykin was born in St. Louis, Missouri on August 28, 1965 but was raised in the suburb of Florissant, Missouri.

Boykin’s parents separated during his childhood, but he enjoyed close relationships with both sides of his family and thrived in his new environment. He excelled in school, participated in student government, and played on several sports teams. At fifteen, Boykin’s mother, a government employee, was transferred to California and he went to live with his father in Florida.

An excellent student, Boykin excelled academically at Dartmouth College where he was editor-in-chief of the college newspaper, track team member, and an exchange student at the Universidad de Grenada in Spain.  He graduated from Dartmouth with a B.A. degree in 1987.

After Dartmouth, Boykin became a press aide to then Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis.  When Dukakis ran for President in 1988, he at 23 was named Georgia state secretary for the Dukakis campaign. Boykin remained in Georgia and began teaching English and social studies at Lithonia High School in Lithonia, Georgia.  In 1989, he was accepted into Harvard Law School where he continued his involvement in various campus political causes including the Coalition for Civil Rights, a student group dedicated to increasing the diversity of faculty.  He arrived one year after future President Barack Obama was accepted into the law school and the year after First Lady Michelle Obama received her law degree from the institution. 

Boykin graduated from Harvard Law in 1992 and shortly afterwards accepted a position at a San Francisco law firm.  He left before the end of the year to join the Bill Clinton presidential campaign as a Midwest press director, and later became Director of Specialty Media. Boykin is credited with arranging the first meeting between a sitting president (Clinton) and LGBTQ leaders in April 1993.

In January 1995, Boykin resigned from his White House position to focus on his first book, One

Emmett Till (14) kidnapped and lynched in Money, Mississippi.

MARTIN LUTHER KING - August 28, 1963 - Duration: 17:29.

Rev. Channing E. Philips of Washington, D.C., became first Black nominated for president by a major national party. Philips was nominated as favorite son candidate by District of Columbia delegation at Democratic convention in Chicago and received 671/2 votes.

Nation Guard mobilized to protect Milwaukee marchers protesting judges membership in lily-white club.

A. Philip Randolph helped plan a march on Washington(Lincoln Memorial) to demonstrate to the government the strengh and commitment of black people to civil rights. A. Philip Randolph fought for justice and for the advancement of African Americans.

Riot prevented Paul Robeson form singing at the Lakeland picnic grounds near Peekskill, Weschester County, New York.

She was born on August 28, 2003 to a teacher named Qulyndreia, and a truck driver named Venjie Wallis, Sr.

Ambassador George Williford Boyce Haley served as the U.S. ambassador to the Republic of Gambia from 1998 until 2001. Haley was nominated by President Bill Clinton in 1998 and confirmed by the U.S. Senate. He then traveled to Banjul, the capital of Gambia to assume his post as head of the U.S. Embassy.  

George Haley was born on August 28, 1925 in Henning, Tennessee. He is the middle son between his younger brother Julius, and older brother Alex Haley, the famed Pulitzer Prize winning author of the 1976 novel Roots: The Saga of an American Family. George Haley was six when he lost his mother and his father, Simon, later remarried. By this point the family had moved to Pine Bluff, Arkansas. Haley however attended Bordentown School in Bordentown, New Jersey for his high school years. In 1943, shortly after his 18th birthday, Haley was drafted into the U.S. Air Corps and spent three years in military service.

Haley attended Morehouse College in Atlanta, Georgia, from 1946 to 1949. During his time at Morehouse College he was a fellow student of civil rights activist Martin Luther King Jr. and future Ebony magazine editor Lerone Bennett. After earning his B.A. degree Haley became in 1952 the second African American to receive a law degree from the University of Arkansas School of Law.  

After graduation Haley joined the firm of Stevens Jackson in Kansas City, Kansas, which was already involved in the landmark civil rights case Brown v. the Board of Education. Haley worked with National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) chief counsel Thurgood Marshall on the case.  Soon afterward the Supreme Court decision was handed down, he was appointed Deputy City Attorney for Kansas City, a post he held from 1954 to 1964.  In 1964 he was elected to the Kansas State Senate where he served until 1968.

Beah Richards wins an Emmy for outstanding guest performance in the comedy series Franks Place.

Anti-slavery redirects here. For the British NGO working for the eradication of slavery, see Anti-Slavery International.

Abolitionism is a movement to end slavery, whether formal or informal. In Western Europe and the Americas, abolitionism is a historical movement to end the African and Indian slave trade and set slaves free. King Charles I of Spain, usually known as Emperor Charles V, following the example of Louis X of France who abolished slavery within the Kingdom of France in 1315, passed a law which would have abolished colonial slavery in 1542, although this law was not passed in the largest colonial states, and so was not enforced. In the late 17th century, the Roman Catholic Church, taking up a plea by Lourenco da Silva de Mendouca, officially condemned the slave trade, which was affirmed vehemently by Pope Gregory XVI in 1839. An abolitionist movement only started in the late 18th century, however, when English and American Quakers began to question the morality of slavery. James Oglethorpe was among the first to articulate the Enlightenment case against slavery, banning it in the Province of Georgia on humanitarian grounds, arguing against it in Parliament, and eventually encouraging his friends Granville Sharp and Hannah More to vigorously pursue the cause. Soon after his death in 1785, they joined with William Wilberforce and others in forming the Clapham Sect.[1]

The Somersett Case in 1772, in which a fugitive slave was freed in England with the judgement that slavery did not exist under English common law and was thus prohibited in England, helped launch the British movement to abolish slavery. Though anti-slavery sentiments were widespread by the late 18th century, the colonies and emerging nations that used slave labour continued to do so: Dutch, French, English, Spanish and Portuguese territories in the West Indies; South America; and the Southern United States. After the American Revolution established the United States, northern states,

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I Have a Dream Speech

Martin Luther Kings Address at March on Washington

August 28, 1963. Washington, D.C.

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Martin Luther King - I Have A Dream Speech - August 28, 1963 -

American poet laureate Rita Frances Dove was born August 28, 1952 in Akron, Ohio. Rita’s father, Ray Dove, was the first African American chemist in the tire industry. Rita Dove excelled in school and in 1970 she received the Presidential Scholar Award.  Dove completed a B.A. in English in three years at Miami University in Ohio, graduating summa cum laude. In 1974-75 she was a Fulbright scholar at Eberhard Karls University in Tubingen, Germany Rita continued her education at the University of Iowa where she received her Master of Fine Arts in 1977.

In 1977 Dove met her husband, Fred Viebahn, a German poet/novelist.  She was asked to translate his writings while he was a participant in Iowa University’s International Writing Program. They married in 1979, and had a daughter, Aviva, in 1983.

In 1981 Dove became a member of the Arizona State University faculty and except for  one year when she was a writer-in-residence at Tuskegee Institute, she held that position until 1989.  Dove served on a number of literary panels while at Arizona State including the National Endowment for the Arts and the Associate Writing Programs. She held editorial positions in the Callaloo, TriQuarterly, and Gettysburg Review journals.  .

Rita Dove’s first collection of poetry, The Yellow House on the Corner, was published by Carnegie-Mellon University Press in 1980. In 1986 she wrote Thomas and Beulah a poetic tribute to the lives of her grandparents.  It was for this collection of poetry that she became the second African American (after Gwendolyn Brooks) to win a Pulitzer Prize in poetry (1987).  Dove has published eight volumes of poetry, a collection of short stories, a collection of essays, a novel, and a play The Darker Face of the Earth (1994) which was performed at the Oregon Shakespeare Festival in 1996.

In 1993 Rita Dove became the youngest person and first African American to be named United States Poet Laureate, an honor she held until 1995. Dove has received 22 honorary doctorates from distinguished universities

Seventy-five ministers and laymen--Blacks and whites--from North arrested after prayer demonstration in downtown Albany.

On August 28, 1963, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. gave his I Have a Dream speech, a speech that is still remembered and honored today. I Have a Dream by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., published in recognition of the 50th anniversary of the minister and civil rights leaders dramatic speech, is a childrens book for all ages that adults will also find meaningful. Excerpts of the speech, chosen for their accessibility to childrens understanding, are paired with the stunning oil paintings of artist Kadir Nelson.

At the end of the book, which is in picture book format, youll find the full text of the Dr. Kings speech. A CD of the original speech is also included with the book.

Dr. King delivered his speech to the more than a quarter of a million people participating in the March for Jobs and Freedom. He delivered his speech in front of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. While stressing nonviolence, Dr. King made it clear that, Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. In the speech, Dr. King outlined his dream for a better America. While the speech, which was interrupted by cheers and applause from the enthusiastic audience, only lasted about 15 minutes, it and the integrated march had a profound impact on the Civil Rights Movement.

I had the opportunity to hear Kadir Nelson speak at the 2012 Book Expo America Childrens Literature Breakfast about the research he did, the approach he took, and his goals in creating the oil paintings for I Have a Dream. Nelson said he had to memorize Dr. Kings speech on short notice as a fifth grader just after moving to a new school.

He said doing so made him feel stronger and more confident, and he hoped I Have a Dream would similarly affect children today.

Kadir Nelson said that at first he wondered what he could contribute to Dr. Kings magnificent vision. In preparation, he listened to

More than 250,000 persons participated in March on Washington demonstration, the largest single demonstration in US History at the time, begins, 1963

Scott Hamilton , (born August 28, 1958, Toledo, Ohio, U.S.), American figure skater, who was a four-time world champion and the 1984 Olympic gold medal winner in men’s figure skating. He has been credited with imbuing men’s figure skating with an air of athleticism. In order to portray figure skating as a sport, he took to the ice in the 1983 World Championships wearing a sleek black speed-skating suit rather than the customary beaded and sequined costumes worn by his fellow skaters.

Hamilton was adopted at birth and was plagued by a childhood illness that stunted his growth (at the peak of his amateur career he was 5 feet 2.5 inches [1.59 metres] tall and weighed 108 pounds [49 kg]). He began skating at age 9 and was competing in local and regional events by age 11. In 1980, at age 22, he secured a position on the U.S. Olympic team by placing third in the U.S. national championships. He placed fifth that year, but his ascent had begun. From 1981 through 1984 Hamilton won both the U.S. national and world championships.

At the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo, Yugoslavia (now in Bosnia and Herzegovina), Hamilton was considered unbeatable. His performance in compulsory figures was stellar, but Canadian skater Brian Orser outshone Hamilton in both the short and long programs. Nonetheless, Hamilton’s combined scores for the three events gave him the victory and the United States its first gold medal in men’s figure skating since David Jenkins’s victory in 1960 (see Sidebar: Scott Hamilton: Training for Olympic Gold). He retired from amateur competition after his victory at the 1984 World Championships.

Hamilton was the world professional champion in 1984 and 1986, and he continued to win professional titles into the 1990s. In 1986 he helped form Stars on Ice, a touring figure-skating company. He also worked as a television analyst for the U.S. national championships and for the Olympics. He received the U.S. Olympic Committee’s first Olympic Spirit Award in 1987 and the International Skating Union’s (ISU) highest

Philanthropist Darren Walker is the tenth president of the seventy-seven-year-old Ford Foundation, the second largest philanthropy in the world. Walker was born August 28, 1959, at a charity hospital in Lafayette, Louisiana, to a single mother and was raised in East Texas. He received two degrees from the University of Texas at Austin, graduating first with a bachelor of arts in government in 1982 and again in 1986 with a Juris Doctor from its School of Law. Walker started his career in international law and finance at the New York city law firm, Cleary, Gottlieb, Steen & Hamilton, in 1986. In 1988 he joined the Union Bank of Switzerland (UBS), dedicating seven years to its capital markets division before separating to volunteer full time at the Children’s Storefront, an elementary school serving low-income families in Harlem.

Walker serves on the boards of the Arcus Foundation, Friends of the High Line, Rockefeller Philanthropy Advisors, the Foundation for Art and Preservation in Embassies, the New York City Ballet, a trustee of Carnegie Hall, and a fellow of the Institute for Urban Design. He led the philanthropy committee that aided in resolving the city of Detroit’s historic bankruptcy and chairs the U.S. Alliance on Impact Investing. He is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Council on Foreign Relations, and is the recipient of ten honorary degrees. Darren Walker received the “Distinguished Alumnus Award” by his alma mater, the University of Texas at Austin. In 2016 TIME magazine included him in its annual list of the “100 Most Influential People in the World.”

In the 1990s, Walker served as COO for the Abyssinian Development Corporation (ADC), Harlem’s largest community development organization. He managed a comprehensive revitalization program that erected over one thousand new housing units, which served as Harlem’s first commercial development in twenty years. He is a strong advocate for the Ford Foundation as he benefited early on from its Head Start programs at the age of five

During the 1950s and 1960s, a number of important civil rights activities occurred that helped position the Civil Rights movement for greater recognition. They also led either directly or indirectly the passage of key legislation. Following is an overview of the major legislation, Supreme Court cases, and activities that occurred in the Civil Rights movement at the time.

was the most prominent civil rights leader of the 50s and 60s. He was the head of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Through his leadership and example, he led peaceful demonstrations and marches to protest discrimination. Many of his ideas on nonviolence were fashioned on the ideas of Mahatma Gandhi in India. In 1968, King was assassinated by James Earl Ray. Ray was against racial integration, but the exact motivation for the murder has never been determined.

Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955) - This began with Rosa Parks refusing to sit in the back of the bus. The boycotts goal was to protest segregation in public buses. It lasted more than a year. It also led to the rise of King as the foremost leader in the civil rights movement.

March on Washington (1963) - On August 28, 1963, 250,000 individuals both black and white gathered together at the Lincoln Memorial to protest segregation. It was here that King delivered his famous and stirring I have a dream... speech.

Freedom Summer (1964) - This was a combination of drives to help get blacks registered to vote. Many areas of the South were denying African-Americans the basic right to vote by not allowing them to register. They used various means including literacy tests and more overt means like intimidation through groups like the Ku Klux Klan. Three volunteers, James Chaney, Michael Schwerner, and Andrew Goodman, were murdered and seven KKK members were convicted of their murder.